Whole Grains
Not all carbs are bad. Foods made with whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread and brown rice, are sources of filling fiber (aiding weight loss, which can reduce your diabetes risk) and nutrients such as potassium, which helps the pancreas release insulin, the hormone that helps your cells use glucose for energy.
Fish, Eggs, Poultry
Carnivores, rejoice: These foods (poultry without the skin) are fair game in a diabetes-friendly diet. Why? Because they’re high in protein (result: full stomach) but typically low in fat (result: better weight management). Fatty fish also contains omega-3 fatty acids, which cut down on cardiovascular problems that can accompany diabetes.
Fruits
Nuts and Seeds
Craving a snack? Grab a handful of nuts. Even though they’re high in calories, they’re also packed with filling protein and healthy fat that can help keep your weight in check. If you’re a fan of walnuts, you’re especially in luck, because their high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids improves the body’s sensitivity to insulin.
Green Leafy Vegetables
Pretty much everyone, with or without diabetes, should eat a lot of veggies—ideally at least three servings per day—and green leafy types, including spinach, kale and such salad staples as romaine, should top the list. They have high fiber and water content that satiates your appetite on fewer calories, and they’re an important source of magnesium, which improves the body’s ability to turn glucose into energy and keep your metabolism humming (a process that is impaired in people with diabetes).
Legumes
Beans, lentils and other legumes provide blood sugar–stabilizing fiber and are a great source of protein and other nutrients, including potassium. They also are very low in saturated fat, making them a good substitute for meat.
Healthy Fats
Because diabetes raises your risk of heart disease, it’s smart to avoid saturated fats (found in meat, butter and full-fat cheese and milk products) and trans fats (margarine), which raise your LDL cholesterol levels. Switching to heart-friendly monounsaturated fats (found in olive and canola oil and avocado) and polyunsaturated fats (corn oil, safflower oil) will lower your LDL cholesterol levels.
Low-Fat Dairy Products
One eight-year study found that postmenopausal women who consumed the greatest amount of low-fat dairy were least likely to develop type 2 diabetes (full-fat dairy had no beneficial effect). Experts theorize that’s due to the vitamin D and calcium, which improve sensitivity to insulin.
5 Foods to Avoid
Although no food is totally taboo, keep these five to a minimum.
- Red meat has long been associated with type 2 diabetes. A 2011 Harvard University study found that people who increased their red-meat intake by 3½ servings per week had a nearly 50 percent higher risk of developing the disease.
- Starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, corn and peas, are high in calories and carbs compared with the leafy variety. Add peas sparingly to a salad (instead of eating them solo) or eat just half a baked potato (including the skin, which contains fiber).
- Refined grains (found in white bread and most pastas) and concentrated sources of sugar (in sweets) are quickly converted into glucose, leading to a spike in blood sugar.
- Fruit juice has sugar but little or none of fruit’s filling fiber, which slows the absorption of sugar into the body. The result? A sugar high that doesn’t quell your appetite.
- Soda–both regular and diet. Numerous studies link consumption of artificially sweetened beverages to an increased diabetes risk.